Bhagavadgeeta - Adhyaya 16

   Bhagavadgeeta - Adhyaya 16

Chapter #: 16

Chapter Name: Devaasura Sampath Vibhaga Yoga ( ದೈವಾಸುರಸಂಪದ್ವಿಭಾಗಯೋಗಃ)

Total verses (slokas) in this chapter: 24

Adhyaya - 16, Devaasura Sampath Vibhaga Yoga  Chapter of Gita (here after referred as BG) - DVG calls this chapter as : "Daivaasura bheda viveka Yoga". Every religious scripture has clear distinction of what is good vs what is bad. Good qualities and bad qualities list are almost similar across these texts. Good qualities are synonymous to daiva sampathttu while bad qualities are to asura sampattu. A list like this is only to keep us on the check of right path to give clarity to us while in dilemma. While one might have 99 good qualities but that one bad quality in him might be a tragic flaw to collapse his entire nature and purpose. Hence a good understanding of this checklist will keep us alert on what is wrong and stay away from them. Even in chapter 7 there is a slight peek of this context where Krishna talks about paramatva, paraprakruti. So is it in Chapter 9. This chapter is an extension of those in detail.

MK:

ದೇವದಾನವರ ರಣರಂಗ ಮಾನವಹೃದಯ ।

ಭಾವ ರಾಗ ಹಠಂಗಳವರ ಸೇನೆಗಳು ॥

ಭೂವಿಭವಜಯಗಳ ಭ್ರಾಂತಿಯಲಿ ಮರೆಯುವರು ।

ಜೀವಾಮೃತವನವರು – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ॥ 192॥

dEva daanavara raNaraMga maanava hrudaya

bhaava raga haTangaLu avara sEnegaLu

bhoo vibhava jayagaLa bhraaMtiyali mareyuvaru

jeevanaamrutavanu avaru - Mankutimma |192|

"Man's heart is a battle ground of the Gods and the Demons (good and the bad). Emotions, Indulgences and being Adamant are all their armies. In Illusions of victories and defeat they forget the essence of life" - Mankutimma

BG:

In below 3 slokas, Krishna lists out describes twenty-six virtues of a saintly nature. These should be cultivated as a part of our spiritual practice for elevating ourselves to the supreme goal. The Supreme Divine Personality said: "O scion of Bharat, these are the saintly virtues of those endowed with a divine nature—fearlessness, purity of mind, steadfastness in spiritual knowledge, charity, control of the senses, performance of sacrifice, study of the sacred books, austerity, and straightforwardness; non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, peacefulness, restraint from fault-finding, compassion toward all living beings, absence of covetousness, gentleness, modesty, and lack of fickleness; vigor, forgiveness, fortitude, cleanliness, bearing enmity toward none, and absence of vanity."

ಅಭಯಂ ಸತ್ತ್ವಸಂಶುದ್ಧಿರ್ಜ್ಞಾನಯೋಗವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಿತಿಃ

ದಾನಂ ದಮಶ್ಚ ಯಜ್ಞಶ್ಚ ಸ್ವಾಧ್ಯಾಯಸ್ತಪ ಆರ್ಜವಂ || 16-1 ||

ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ಸತ್ಯಮಕ್ರೋಧಸ್ತ್ಯಾಗಃ ಶಾಂತಿರಪೈಶುನಂ

ದಯಾ ಭೂತೇಷ್ವಲೋಲುಪ್ತ್ವಂ ಮಾರ್ದವಂ ಹ್ರೀರಚಾಪಲಂ || 16-2 ||

ತೇಜಃ ಕ್ಷಮಾ ಧೃತಿಃ ಶೌಚಮದ್ರೋಹೋ ನಾತಿಮಾನಿತಾ

ಭವಂತಿ ಸಂಪದಂ ದೈವೀಮಭಿಜಾತಸ್ಯ ಭಾರತ ||16-3 ||

This above sloka makes it clear that : For Truth and Justice to prevail, we first need fearlessness - a courage to follow and stand up for what is right at all situations.  

Abhaya: has two fold meaning: One is to be fearless within oneself and the other is to safegaurd people who stand with you on the same cause.This is beautifully put by DVG in this below kagga:

MK:

ಸುಂದರವನೆಸಗು ಜೀವನದ ಸಾಹಸದಿಂದೆ

ಕುಂದಿಲ್ಲವದಕೆ ಸಾಹಸಭಂಗದಿಂದೆ

ಮುಂದಕದು ಸಾಗುವುದು ಮರಳಿ ಸಾಹಸದಿಂದೆ

ಚೆಂದ ಧೀರೋಧ್ಯಮವೆ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ || 269 ||

suMdaravanu esagu jeevanada saahasadinde

kuMdu illa adakke  saahasa bhaMgadinde

muMdake adu saaguvudu maraLi saahasadinde 

chaMda dheerodyamave - Mankutimma ||269||

"Make  life worth living by your deeds of adventure. It doesn't hurt, if you do not succeed in your valor as it will never come under victory or failure radar. The fearless light lit is only bound to move ahead again by more such adventurous acts. Such Valor is the beautiful nature of work. What matters is how much it enriches a person's culture. It can never be measured with victory or failure values” - Mankutimma

Satva Samshuddi: is to have enough clarity, be bright and knowledgeable and stay alert at all times. here are two DVG kagga for this quality:

ಸತ್ಯ ಶಿವ ಸುಂದರದ ಸಚ್ಚಿದಾನಂದನದ ।

ಭಿತ್ತಿಯಲಿ ಬಣ್ಣಬಣ್ಣದ ಜೀವಚಿತ್ರ।।

ನಿತ್ಯ ನೀನದ ನೆನೆದು ಚಿತ್ರದಲಿ ಮನವಿರಿಸೆ ।

ವೃತ್ತಿ ತನ್ಮಯವಹುದೊ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 331 ||

satya shiva sundarada sachidaanandanada

bhittiyali banna bannada jeevachitra

nitya neenu ada nenedu chitradali manavirise

vrutti tanmayavu ahudoo - Mankutimma || 331 ||

Of truth, goodness and beauty; Of pure heart and happiness, is a canvas, painted with the colorful picture of life that comes and goes. Every moment if thou contemplate and focus on the canvas and the picture both, thy actions shall be riveting - Mankutimma.

ಸಂತತದಶಿಕ್ಷೆಯಿಂ ದೀರ್ಘದಭ್ಯಾಸದಿಂ-।

ದಂತರಂಗದ ಕಡಲು ಶಾಂತಿಗೊಳಲಹುದು ।।

ಸಂತೃಪ್ತವೃತ್ತಿಯಿಂದೇಕಾಂತಸೇವೆಯಿಂ ।

ಸಂತಯಿಸು ಚಿತ್ತವನು – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 705 ||

santatada shiksheyim deerghada abhyaasadim

antarangada kadalu shaanti goLalahudu

santrupta vrutti inda ekaanta seve im

santaisu chittavanu - Mankutimma

“One must punish the mind for straying always and resort to long term training on austerity. Only then one can attain inner tranquility. Through self-introspection, One must placate his mind by being satisfied at work and serving (God) alone.” – Mankutimma

Jnaana Yoga Vyavastitihi : To know is Jnaana, to implement it in life is Yoga. We need both, one has to gain Jnaana and also learn to use it in his life appropriately. DVG calls this differently saying, one needs both "Tatva Kuthoohala" and "Prayoga Siddhate".

ಉತ್ತಮತೆ ಇಂತೆಂದು ಮತಿಗೆ ತೋರ್ದೊಡೇನು!

ವೃತ್ತಿಯೋಳ್ ಅದು ಊರಿ ಸ್ವಭಾವಾಂಶವಾಗಲ್ ||

ಮತ್ತು ಮತ್ತೆ ಅನುವರ್ತಿಸುತ, ಭಂಗವಾದಂದು!

ಯತ್ನಿಸುತ್ತಿನ್ನುಂ ಮರಳಿ! – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 697 ||

uttamate intendu matige torudodenu

vruttiyoL adu oori svabhaavamshavaagal

matte matte anuvartisuta bhangavaada andu 

yatnisutt innum marali - Mankutimma

What use is it, if it shows better to intellect, Unless it gets rooted in mind and becomes part of behavior; by incorporating it into one's work style repeatedly. At behest of defeat, try and try again such that it becomes your second nature - Mankuthimma

Dana and Dama: Dana is NOT to give what is in excess, but it is to give what is his, what is only his, to someone in need, at the right time. Dama is to control the senses. 

ಆಶೆಗಳ ಕೆಣಕದಿರು, ಪಾಶಗಳ ಬಿಗಿಯದಿರು ।

ಕ್ಲೇಶದ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಗಳಿಗೆನ್ನ ಕರೆಯದಿರು ।।

ಬೇಸರದ ಪಾತಕಸ್ಮೃತಿಯ ಚುಚ್ಚದಿರ್: ಎನ್ನು – ।

ತೀಶನನು ಬೇಡುತಿರೋ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ||  792 ||

aashegaLa keNakadiru pashagaLa bigiyadiru

klEshada pareekshegaLigenna kareyadiru

bEsarada paataka smrutiya chuchhadiru 

ennuta eeshananu bEdutiro - Mankutimma

Incite not desires, tighten not fetters,

Call me not to attend the tests of travails

Prick me not with weary memories of past;

Pray thus to the lord - Mankutimma

Yagna: This is to Sacrifice the inner Arishadvarga (the six enemies of mind - Kama, Krodha, Lobha, Mada, Moha and Matsarya).

Svaadhyaaya: One who consistently and continuously keeps learning and improving. his intellect. 

Tapassu: To learn to do tappassu in our very life. Yagnavalka smriti has these words on it:

" Manasascha indriyanam chaikagram paramam tapah; " : " one-pointedness of the mind and the senses is supreme tapas. ". When you concentrate both senses and mind into one goal is true tapas.

DVG says we need 4 kinds of tapas:

ಕ್ಷಮೆ ದೋಷಿಗಳಲಿ, ಕೆಚ್ಚೆದೆ ವಿಧಿಯ ಬಿರುಬಿನಲಿ ।

ಸಮತೆ ನಿರ್ಮತ್ಸರತೆ ಸೋಲ್ಗೆಲುವುಗಳಲಿ ।।

ಶಮವ ನೀಂ ಗಳಿಸಲೀ ನಾಲ್ಕು ತಪಗಳೆ ಸಾಕು ।

ಭ್ರಮೆಯೊ ಮಿಕ್ಕೆಲ್ಲ ತಪ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 715 ||

kShame dOShigaLali, kecchede vidhiya birubinali ||

samate nirmatsarate sOl geluvugaLali||

shamava nIm gaLisalu ee naalku tapagaLe saaku |

bhrameyo mikkella tapa - mankutimma ।। 715 ||

Forgiveness in the erred, Braveheartedness in fate's rigour, Equanimity, absence of jealousy in victories and defeats, Sufficient are these four penances to attain self mastery. Illusions are all other penances - Mankutimma. 

Arjavam : Simplicity. 

Ahimsa: Non-Violence.

Satya: Truth. Ruta and Satya has a fine difference. What my mind thinks is truth is : rutha, Once you open mouth and say : it is Satya. Expressed Ruta is Satya.

ಸತ್ಯವೆಂಬುದದೆಲ್ಲಿ? ನಿನ್ನಂತರಂಗದೊಳೊ ।

ಸುತ್ತ ನೀನನುಭವಿಪ ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರದೊಳೋ ।।

ಯುಕ್ತಿಯಿಂದೊಂದನೊಂದಕೆ ತೊಡಿಸಿ ಸರಿನೋಡೆ ।

ತತ್ವದರ್ಶನವಹುದು – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 332 ||

satyavembudadelli? ninnanataranagadoLo 

sutta nInanubhavipa baahyachitradoLO

yuktiyindodanondake toDisi sarinODe

tatvadarshanavahudu - mankutimma ||

Where is it that is called truth? In thy soul? In the outer world that thou experience around? With wisdom, analyse one in relation to the other, The principles shall be revealed - Mankutimma. 

ಸತ್ಯಾನುಭವವೆಲ್ಲರಿಂಗಮೊಂದೆಂತಹುದು? ।

ಬೆಟ್ಟದಡಿಯೊಳಗೊಬ್ಬ; ಕೋಡಬಳಿಯೊಬ್ಬ ।।

ಎತ್ತರದ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಕಣಿವೆಯೊಳಿಹನಿಗಾದೀತೇ ।

ನೇತ್ರದಂದದೆ ನೋಟ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 333 ||

satyaanubhavavu ellaringe Omondentahudu? |

beTTadaDi yoLagobba; koDa baLiyobba ||

ettarada drushya kaNiveyoLihanidaadIte? 

netradandade nOTa - mankutimma ||

How can the experience of truth be same to everyone?.One is at the foot of the summit; other on its peak.Is the view of heights visible to the one in the valley? Visibility in accordance with vision - Mankutimma

ಸತ್ಯವೆಂಬುದದೇನು ಸೈನಿಕನ ಜೀವನದಿ? ।

ಕತ್ತಿಯವನಿಗೆ ಸತ್ಯವದರಿಂದೆ ಧರ್ಮ ।।

ಭುಕ್ತಿ ಸುಪ್ತಿಗಳ ವಿಭವಂಗಳವನಿಗೆ ಮಿಥ್ಯೆ ।

ಸಾರ್ಥಕಥೆಯಿಂ ಸತ್ಯ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ || 479 ||

satyavembudadEnu sainikana jIvanadi? 

kattiyavanige satyavadarinda dharma ||

bhuktisuptigaLa vibhavangaLavanige mithye |

saarthkateyim satya - mankutimma ||

What is it that is called 'truth' in the life of a soldier? Sword alone is truth, from it is derived his dharma. The pleasure of food and rest are invalid to him, In satisfaction lies the truth - Mankutimma

ಸತ್ಯವಂತನನರಸಲೆನುತ ಪೇಟೆಗಳೊಳಗೆ ।

ಹುಟ್ಟಹಗಲೊಳೆ ದೀವಿಗೆಯ ಹಿಡಿದು ನೆಡೆದು ॥

ಕೆಟ್ಟುದೀ ಜಗವೆಂದು ತೊಟ್ಟಿಯೊಳೆ ವಸಿಸಿದನು ।

ತಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕ ಡಯೋಜೆನಿಸ್ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ॥ ೧೯೮ ॥

satyavantananarasalenuta pETegaLoLage |

haTTahagaloLe dIvigeya hiDidu naDedu ||

keTTudI jagavendu toTTiyoLe vasisisdanu |

taatvika Diogenes - mankutimma

In pursuit of those who are truthful within the cities, He walked with a burning torch in broad daylight. Finding the world corrupt, chose to lived in a tub, The philosopher Diogenes - Mankutimma

Akrodha: Absence of anger.

Tyaga: Sacrifice

Shanti: Peace

Apaishunam: No Gossiping.

Daye: This should be campassion without any reason (Akaaranavadanta daye)

Maardavam: Mrudutva : Gentleness. The below poem comes in Mahabharata, which means, Mrudutva (gentleness) will win against gentleness, Gentleness will also win against cruel / harsh nature. Hence gentleness is superior. 

ಮೃದೂನಾಂ ಮಾರ್ದವಂ ಹಂತಿ | ಮೃದೂನಾಂ ಹಂತಿ ದಾರುಣಂ ||

ನ ಅಸಾಧ್ಯಮ್ ಮೃದೂನಾಂ ಕಿಂಚಿತ್ | ತಸ್ಮಾತ್ ತೀಕ್ಷ್ಣ ತರೋ ಮೃದೂ || 

Mao Tse also says: To be Strong is to bend. 

Hree: Naachike: To feel ashamed and shy when one goes against righteouness. 

ಸಾರ್ವಭೌಮತೆ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಗುಣಕೆ ಗುಣರಾಜ್ಯದಲಿ ।

ಧೈರ್ಯ ಮೊದಲಿನದೆರಡನೆಯದು ಮತಿಯೋಜೆ ।।

ಸರ್ವದಯೆ ಮೂರನೆಯದದುವೆ ನೀತಿಯ ಮೂಲ ।

ನಿರ್ಮಮತ್ವವೆ ಮುಕುಟ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 756 ||

saarvabhoumate naalku guNake guNaraajyadali |

dhairya modalinaderaDaneyadu matiyOje ||

sarvadaye mUraneyadaduve nItiya mUla |

nirmamatvave mukuTa - mankutimma ||

In the land of qualities, four are the best amongst all.The first one is courage, the second one is wisdom,Third is compassion towards all - the source of morality, Stoic in attachment is the crown - Mankutimma.

ವ್ಯಾಮೋಹವಿಲ್ಲದ ಪ್ರೇಮ ನಿರ್ಭರವಿರಲಿ ।

ಭೀಮಸಾಹಸವಿರಲಿ ಹಗೆತನವನುಳಿದು ।।

ನೇಮನಿಷ್ಟೆಗಳಿರಲಿ ಡಂಬಕಠಿಣತೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ।

ಸೌಮ್ಯವೆಲ್ಲೆಡೆಯಿರಲಿ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 757 ||

vyaamOha villada prema nirbhara virali|

bhImasaahasa virali hagetanavanuLidu||

NEmaniShThegalirali Dambha kaThiNate biTTu|

soumya velleDe yirali - mankutimma||

Love without infatuation, let be in abundance, Valour except enmity, let be like in Bhima. Sincerity sparing hypocrisy and rigidity, let be in the conduct of rituals. Gentleness, let prevail everywhere - Mankutimma.

ಔದಾರ್ಯ ತಾಯಿ ನೀತಿಗೆ, ಧೈರ್ಯವೇ ತಂದೆ ।

ಸ್ವಾಧಿಪತ್ಯದೆ ನೀನು ಬಾಳನಾಳುವೊಡೆ ।।

ಹೋದುದನು ನೆನೆಯದಿರು, ಬರುವುದಕೆ ಸಿದ್ಧನಿರು ।

ಅದನಿತು ಸಂತೋಷ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 758 ||

audaarya taayi neetige, dhairyavE tande|

svaadhipatyade nInu baaLanaaLuvoDe|

hOdudanu neneyadiru, baruvudake siddhaniru|

aadanitu santOSha - mankutimma||

Magnanimity is the mother and courage the father of integrity. While in self administration, thou govern thy life, Remember not the bygone, Ready for what's yet to come, Happy in what gets accomplished - Mankutimma.

BG:

In next sloka, krishna lists qualities of asura. "O Parth, the qualities of those who possess a demoniac nature are hypocrisy, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance"

ದಂಭೋ ದರ್ಪೋಽಭಿಮಾನಶ್ಚ ಕ್ರೋಧಃ ಪಾರುಷ್ಯಮೇವ ಚ

ಅಜ್ಞಾನಂ ಚಾಭಿಜಾತಸ್ಯ ಪಾರ್ಥ ಸಂಪದಮಾಸುರೀಂ || 16-4 ||

In below sloka, he explains what is the use of having this list to distinguish good vs bad qualities. "The divine qualities lead to liberation, while the demoniac qualities are the cause for a continuing destiny of bondage. Grieve not, O Arjun, as you were born with saintly virtues"

ದೈವೀ ಸಂಪದ್ವಿಮೋಕ್ಷಾಯ ನಿಬಂಧಾಯಾಸುರೀ ಮತಾ

ಮಾ ಶುಚಃ ಸಂಪದಂ ದೈವೀಮಭಿಜಾತೋಽಸಿ ಪಾಂಡವ || 16-5 ||

MK:

ದೇವಾಂಶ ಪಶ್ವಂಶಗಳ ಗಂಟು ಮಾನುಷತೆ

ಧೀವಿಮರ್ಶೆಯಿನೊಂದ ಸತ್ಕರಿಸಿ ಬಳಿಸಿ

ಭಾವಪರಿಶೋಧನೆಯಿನಿನ್ನೊಂದ ದಂಡಿಪುದೆ

ಜೀವಪ್ರಕರ್ಷಗತಿ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ || 204 ||

dEvaamsha pashvamshagaLa gaNTu maanuShate |

dhI vimarsheyi nonda satkarisi balisi ||

bhaava parishOdhaneyin innonda danDipude |

jIva prakarShagati - mankutimma ||

Entanglement of divinity and animal spirits is human race. strengthen one through stimulation of intellect, and to inhibit the other through introspection of thought, is the way to prosperity in life - Mankutimma.

ಸನ್ನಿಹಿತ ಮನುಜನಲಿ ದೈವಪಾಶವವೆರಡು

ಪುಣ್ಯ ಪಾಪದ ಮಿಶ್ರವವನ ಸ್ವಭಾವ

ಕಣ್ಣೊಮ್ಮೆಯಾಗಸದ ಬೆಳಕಿನೊಡನಾಡುವುದು

ಮಣ್ಣೊಳುರುಳುವುದೊಮ್ಮೆ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ || 286 ||

sannihita manujanali daiva paashavu averaDu |

puNya paapada mishravavana svabhaava ||

kaNNomme aagasada beLakinoDa naaDuvudu |

maNNoLu uruLuvudomme - mankutimma ||

Proximate in man are both divine and bestial, His behavior an amalgamation of virtue and vice. The eyes, at times, in a duel with light of the sky, At other times, dusted by mud - Mankutimma.

BG:

In below verse, Krishna says, knowingly if you walk towards bad qualities despite knowing them its bad, then you are bound to misery. "There are three gates leading to the hell of self-destruction for the soul—lust, anger, and greed. Therefore, all should abandon these three."

ತ್ರಿವಿಧಂ ನರಕಸ್ಯೇದಂ ದ್ವಾರಂ ನಾಶನಮಾತ್ಮನಃ

ಕಾಮಃ ಕ್ರೋಧಸ್ತಥಾ ಲೋಭಸ್ತಸ್ಮಾದೇತತ್ತ್ರಯಂ ತ್ಯಜೇತ್  | 16-21 |

MK:

ದ್ವೇಷ ರೋಷಗಳವೊಲೆ ನೇಹಮುಂ ಮೋಹಮುಂ ।

ಪಾಶವಾಗಲ್ಬಹುದು ನಿನಗೆ ಮೈಮರಸಿ ॥

ವಾಸನೆಗಳುರುಬಿ ಚಿತ್ತಜ್ವರಂಗಳ ಬಿತ್ತಿ ।

ಮೋಸದಲಿ ಕೊಲ್ಲುವುವೊ – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ॥ ೧೭೮ ॥

dwesha roshagaLaVole nehamum mohamum
paashaVaagaLubahudu ninage maimaresi
vaasanegaLurubi chitta jvaraGaLam bitti 
mosadali Kolluvavo - Mankutimma 

Just like hatred and rage can hurt you; so can friendship and attachment (excessive love). They can make you forget yourself and become a noose around your neck. It will make you get into bad habits , give you mental agony and kill you by deceit - Mankutimma

ಶೃತಿಯರ್ಥ ವಿಶದವಪ್ಪುದು ಪುರುಷಭಾಷ್ಯದಿಂ ।

ಶೃತಿಮತಿಗಳನ್ಯೋನ್ಯ ಪರಿಪೂರಕಂಗಳ್ ।।

ಯುತಿಯೊಳವು ಸೇರಿರಲು ಸತ್ಯದರ್ಶನ ನಿನಗೆ ।

ಕೃತಸಮನ್ವಯನಾಗು – ಮಂಕುತಿಮ್ಮ ।। 552 ||

shrutiyartha vishadavappudu puruShabhaShyadim |

shrutimatigaLanyOnyaparipUrakangaL ||

yutiyoLavu sEriralu satyadarshana ninage |

krutasamanvayanaagu - mankutimma ||

Meaning of Śruti is clarified by human interpretation and intellect are complementary to one another. As they stay together thou get to comprehend the truth, Be the one to holistically bind them - Mankutimma